Hypnosis
is a mental state or set of attitudes usually induced by a procedure
known as a hypnotic induction, which is commonly composed of a series
of preliminary instructions and suggestions.
The use of hypnotism for therapeutic purposes is referred to as
"hypnotherapy".
The words 'hypnosis' and 'hypnotism'
both derive from the term "neuro-hypnotism" (nervous sleep)
coined by the Scottish physician and surgeon James Braid around
1841 to distinguish his theory and practice from those developed
by Franz Anton Mesmer and his followers ("Mesmerism" or
"animal magnetism").
Although a popular misconception is that hypnosis
is a form of unconsciousness resembling sleep, contemporary research
suggests that it is actually a wakeful state of focused attention
and heightened suggestibility, with diminished peripheral awareness.
In the first book on the subject, Neurypnology (1843), Braid described
"hypnotism" as a state of physical relaxation
("nervous sleep") accompanied and induced by mental concentration
("abstraction").